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Sex dating Jimma the other hand, 9. Regarding methods of HIV prevention, almost all In general, almost half More than half Among respondents who ever had a boyfriend, About fifth of the study participants had sexual intercourse prior to the survey.

More than one-third About half Most Among respondents involved in TS, Participants in of the in-depth Sex dating Jimma also explained the primary motivation of engaging in TS to be financial gain. Most respondents said young men of their age are usually at school, have a difficulty of making money, and mostly approach them for a free sexual favor.

One in-depth interview participant indicated Sex dating Jimma situation as follows:. But we need to enjoy life the way other rich students do.

You know, we want to have fun as a teenager. So, we don't care about his age, what matters most is his wallet. You may not believe where they took us……the fanciest places of the town. Most of the interviewed girls nvolved in a sexual relationship with older men in order to get money for in essentials like chilling with friends and brand new clothes.

The students have also mentioned negative peer influence as a driving force for engaging in TS. When I saw my friends look nice, wearing brand clothes, I also want to have one. Please don't kill your time rather use your body and make some money' so these things initiate me. In some occasions, my friends might ask me to eat food in a restaurant and if I do not have money, I do not have the gut to go in there.

I don't want to be separated from my friends; it is Sex dating Jimma weird. So I got in transactional sex and managed to earn some money.

However, most of the interviewed girls shared similar perception on why older men are interested in TS with them. Their opinions go around the men's marriage, and the majority of participants used the following expression:. However, they do it because it is exciting and exhilarating. Maybe he is stuck in an unhappy marriage; maybe he has been married for years and had a family. He cannot divorce, because he still has some sense of love to his wife, and couldn't see her get hurted.

A lucky girl can get showered with gifts, and enjoy meals at best tables in town. My dates began offering gifts; first, Sex dating Jimma was horrified, it seemed so immoral.

But, once I'd convinced myself of moral justification, I started to Sex dating Jimma it. Some were even victim who was unaware of the sexual conduct rather than willingly engaging in sex with an older man.

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One participant narrated her experience as follows:. She never wore what she wore yesterday.

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She took me to her house and told me her little secret, how she earned money. He obliged me to drink until I got tired. Then, I do not know where he took me and what he did; I woke up naked. I was scared and cried as I did not have any sexual experience before. I called my friend, Sex dating Jimma she took care of me.

After a month of dilemma, my friend convinced me to date sugar daddies Sex dating Jimma make money like her. Majority of their parallel partners were young employees Only 8. When respondents asked about the duration of transactional relationship with older men, most of them said it did not last long.

However, I personally don't like to stick to one man even if he is rich. With regards to getting money, it is good to change them. I do not like a fixed relationship, and I do not have a regular boyfriend but sometimes I went out with my classmates.

But it was not a fixed one and they knew it very well; we Sex dating Jimma it because we knew each other. The qualitative result also revealed that many young women have a concurrent relationship with older men and other fixed boyfriend among same age partners.

Yeah, I have a boyfriend, a third-year university student. He is the one that I am serious Sex dating Jimma do sex without a condom. For instance, he recently came to me to say goodbye as he was going to see his Sex dating Jimma who lives in other city. By then, we could not get a condom and did sex without it. Sex dating Jimma perceived advantages girls associate to it, TS carries substantial risks.

Majority of respondents understood they were practicing risky sexual behavior, but they never bother about risks such relationship could bear as their current benefits outweigh the risk. My friend was infected. However, she is still in the business and had never disclosed her status. Only Trusting their partners and partner refusal were the main reasons.

Table 4: Peer influences on premarital sexual practices of JTTC students, Jimma town, April, Peer influence. -Girls wearing style. -Dating experience of. Transactional sex among adolescent school girls with older men commonly After a month of dilemma, my friend convinced me to date sugar on the classical health behavior models, Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia.

Reasons for not using a condom were partner's refusal and trust. Similarly, Sexual violence was also a common event in TS as reported by The most common Thus, it was unlikely for the girls to convince those men and use condom consistently.

One informant explained the situation:. Sex dating Jimma of them did not want to use condom. Their reasons were they got tired quickly, it did not give them comfort, and some even accused me of not trusting them.

Despite my effort to convince them, in case they use force; obviously, I cannot win them back; and there were times when I failed. Some guys never want to hear about condom. Among respondents who had sex with older men, As respondents explained, sugar daddies wanted them to get drunk to forget their age gap and relax with them. There are some more like Shisha Sex dating Jimma use substances to avoid fear. It gives us strength to do hardcore.

Almost all interviewees explained that there is no way families could see them in action as they act humble in their neighborhood. Sex dating Jimma tell their parents that they were at library or doing an assignment in their girlfriends' home when they have planning to meet older partners. There was a time that my dad used to hear some gossips from neighbors.

When he Sex dating Jimma me I yelled back saying 'do not you trust me? You joke about it and Sex dating Jimma is over. You must be decent at home though; always obedient. Those in the age group of years had about seven times [OR: 6. Similarly, respondents who had lost both parents had about three times Sex dating Jimma 2. Participants from perceived middle income family had two times [OR: 2.

Respondents who used substances were about seven times [OR: 6.

Transactional Sex and HIV Risk among Adolescent School Girls in Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study

Qualitative findings of the study also supported the results of the quantitative survey. The present study found that majority of the participants started sex at a younger age. Substance use often facilitated these encounters, which was also reported in the previous studies [ 28 — 30 ]. This risky sexual behavior put the girls and their entire sexual network including schoolmates at risk of HIV [ 31 ].

In accordance with previous research, most girls had TS for material gain, and peer influence was also a great motivator for these risky behaviors [ 32 ]. Median age at first sexual debut in this study was 17 years, and it is in agreement with the national level With the increase in age of Sex dating Jimma, the involvement of girls in high school also has increased.

In such conditions the chances of girls to have their sexual debut before marriage is high as documented elsewhere in Ethiopia [ 33 ].

Pressure to be sexually adventurous and prove manhood is quite pervasive in Africa. These norms encourage older men to have sexual relations with younger women, which allow them to have more sexual partners than women, and increase acceptance and justification of violence against women.

Therefore, it is not shocking that men force sex and have multiple concurrent relationships outside wedlock [ 34 ]. About tenth This result might be underreported due to cultural influences that stigmatize girls having sex before marriage especially for financial or material benefits.

Grievance for a fancy lifestyle has motivated girls to engage in multiple concurrent partnerships with older men primarily for economic Sex dating Jimma [ 143536 ]. The material exchange accompanying sexual encounters may be interpreted as a loving gesture, but it may also express an unloving and calculating relationship, meaning most girls seek TS with older men purely for monetary gain.

Studies in Sub-Saharan Africa show adolescents are vulnerable to socioeconomic deprivations and sexual and reproductive health risks that are often associated with poverty. Thus, students from perceived wealthy family were less likely to be involved in TS than middle- and poor-income families. Previous studies reported the association between poor economic status and risky sexual behavior [ 61337 ] that family's income predicted girls' Sex dating Jimma relations with older men. Qualitative studies that were done in USA [ 37 ] and Tanzania [ 13 Sex dating Jimma similarly revealed that a girl does not engage in TS without money or other material benefit.

The second reason to have sex with older men was peer influence which was also supported by the study conducted in South Africa among grade 11 and 12 students [ 20 ]. Such relationship with Sex dating Jimma older man who is more likely to have a steady income can provide the girls access to material wealth such Sex dating Jimma expensive clothes and shoes. It is well documented that Sex dating Jimma number and types of sexual partners influence the risk of acquiring HIV.

The practice of multiple sexual partners is among major predisposing factors for the infection [ 40 ]. What Sex dating Jimma worse is that still girls who reported involvement in TS counted more than five partners in their lifetime; huge at their age but expected as this type of relations does not last long.

They date several men to get more financial benefit in exchange [ Sex dating Jimma ]. In-depth interview participants also supported this finding declaring trend of concurrent or sequential multiple sexual partners among students who dated older men for more financial or material support. Qualitative studies from Tanzania [ 13 ] and USA [ 37 ] also found the same outcome.

In this study, only In other words, Subordinate position of women may force girls to endure abusive and violent relationships with older men in order to secure economic gains. A significant association exists between the large age gap and unsafe sex practice. Those who Sex dating Jimma older sexual partner with ten or Sex dating Jimma year's gap had decreased odds of condom use than those who had partner less than ten years gap.

This finding is in agreement with a study from Kenya that revealed the negative influence of higher age gap on condom use [ 7 ].

This was also evidenced by other studies [ 6134546 ]. The qualitative findings of the present study also explored that TS with older men had lowest probability of condom use. Young girls will do whatever their older Sex dating Jimma asked for Sex dating Jimma please them and earn more money. Even if the girl wants to use condom, power imbalance between them will leave her with no option than sacrificing herself and satisfying his interests.

Substance abuse was Sex dating Jimma related to an increased likelihood of TS, and the association is explained by various studies [ 47 — 52 ]. This finding may reflect the cross-sectional nature of the study and differences in a time frame for measures, as it was not possible to determine the timing Sex dating Jimma substance use in relation to TS involvement.

Thus the fact that they frequently cooccur does not necessarily mean that substance use causes TS; the causal direction could be the opposite. Students could be using substances as a coping mechanism in response to experiencing TS [ 53 ]. Meaning, substance use could be associated with TS both as a Sex dating Jimma and coping mechanism.

As participants of in-depth interview stated that they engaged in TS knowledgeably as financial and material gain outweighs to them than the risks. A study done in Kenya also revealed that young girls who had been involved in TS with older men rank other needs above the risk of HIV infection [ 54 ]. This study shared the limitations of cross-sectional studies: the causal relationships between variables cannot be determined.

We relied on participants' self-reports and there is a possibility of social desirability bias; hence, girls may have underreported sexual experiences [ 55 ]. Students engaged in TS were at risk of HIV infection due to subsequent and concurrent multiple sexual partners and inconsistent condom use. Girls engaged in such type of sexual relation were not only at risk of HIV and other STIs for themselves, but they put Sex dating Jimma partners and the youth society in general at risk while they also carry the risk of having unwanted pregnancy.

While empowering girls and their families to generate adequate income is important for the long run, equipping girls with life skills that help them resist negative peer influence, negotiate safe sex, and know their HIV status should be done as a short term goal. Schools and families also need to collaborate and discuss problems among students to control the risk associated with TS and increase girls' sense of self-worth. Future longitudinal studies are also needed to examine causal associations and potential mediating influences of risk and promotive factors on TS.

We are grateful to Addis Ababa University for the financial support to this study and all study participants for their commitment in responding to our questionnaire. Addis Ababa University has covered the per diem for data collectors. Mixed study design was employed to explore how and why preparatory students were involved in transactional sex with older men. Around a tenth Sex dating Jimma respondents had reported involvement in transactional sex with "sugar daddy"'. These students had multiple sexual partners, and majority of them had inconsistent condom use.

Students in older age group, who lost both parents and had perceived less economic status had higher odds of reporting transactional sex. In conclusion, HIV prevention programs shall focus on transactional sex with "sugar daddy" to halt HIV transmission among adolescent school girls.

Ethical approval was obtained from Research Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, and schools participated in the survey were communicated using an official letter from the university.

All participants were informed about the study purpose, risk, benefit, and voluntary nature of participation. Anonymity and confidentiality of respondents were strictly maintained by Sex dating Jimma names and other personal identifiers from the questionnaire.

In addition, only 10 students filled questionnaire in a lecture hall with 50 seats to protect their privacy. Data were collected only after informed written consent was obtained from each participant; parental consent was also obtained for participants under 16 years of age.

The respondents inserted questionnaire to sealed box around gate of the hall after they completed it to ensure confidentiality and avoid Sex dating Jimma of immediate Sex dating Jimma of filled questionnaires Sex dating Jimma data collectors and supervisors. In-depth interview participants' permission was obtained to Sex dating Jimma the conversations.

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Participants were free to switch off the recorder in case they felt uncomfortable or Sex dating Jimma from the study without giving a reason. Liyuwork Mitiku Dana conceived the original Sex dating Jimma and designed the study, wrote the proposal, organized the data collection, analyzed the data, and wrote the research paper.

Mitike Molla Sisay reviewed and approved the proposal and revised subsequent drafts of the paper. Yohannes Mehretie Adinew participated in writing the manuscript for publication. All authors contributed to editing the manuscript and provided critical feedback Sex dating Jimma approved the final manuscript.

National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. Journal List Biomed Res Int v. Biomed Res Int. Published online Jun Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.

Corresponding author.

Liyuwork Mitiku Dana: moc. Received Jul 21; Accepted Sep This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This article has been cited by other articles in Sex dating Jimma. Associated Data Data Availability Sex dating Jimma The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Methods Mixed method cross-sectional study was done among female students in Hawassa town, South Ethiopia, from September to May Results A substantial number of female students, 71 Conclusion Transactional sex among female students was high, and the sexual network they had with the young men put young people in the network at risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

Methods 2. Study Design and Setting Mixed cross-sectional study, survey followed by in-depth interviews, was done in Hawassa town from September to Sex dating Jimma Data Collection Tools and Procedures A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data.

Data Quality Management Two days intensive training was given to data collectors and supervisors. Table 1 Codes and categories identified in the qualitative analysis of preparatory students in Hawassa, south Sex dating Jimma, Inbox Outbox Talks. My friends Friendship proposals Friendship requests My guests My visits. Dashboard My profile Detailed profile Sex dating Jimma. My settings Privacy settings Notification settings Blacklist. Upload new content My uploads My photos My videos Votes.

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Respondents who used substances were about seven times [OR: 6. J Adolesc Health.

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